UNIT 5 – CIRCULAR FARMING

1. What circular farming means

Circular farming is a system where waste is reused instead of thrown away. Materials like crop residues, manure, and water are recycled and used again on the farm.

Learners can explain that circular farming:

Reduces waste and pollution

Saves money and resources

Decreases chemical fertiliser use

Supports sustainable, independent farms

2. Reuse of crop residues and manure

After harvest, farmers have straw, leaves, stems, and animal manure.

Instead of burning or discarding them, they can turn waste into value.

Learners can describe two reuse methods:

Composting — waste breaks down into compost that improves soil fertility

Biogas production — waste in a biodigester creates biogas for energy and fertiliser

3. On-farm energy loops

On-farm energy loops mean producing and using energy directly on the farm.

Learners can identify examples:

Solar drying — uses sunlight to dry crops and save electricity

Bio-digesters — turn waste into biogas and fertiliser, creating a closed loop

These systems reduce waste and increase farm independence.

4. Local feed and seed exchanges

Local exchanges mean sharing or buying seeds and feed nearby instead of from distant suppliers.

Learners can analyse that local exchanges:

Reduce transport and carbon emissions

Support local farmers

Protect traditional seed varieties

Strengthen community and biodiversity